Spectrophotometric and Chromatographic Assessment of Total Polyphenol and Flavonoid Content in Rhododendron tomentosum Extracts and Their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity.

In the literature, the chemical composition of Rhododendron tomentosum is mainly represented by the study of isoprenoid compounds of essential oil. In contrast, the study of the content of flavonoids will contribute to the expansion of pharmacological action and the use of the medicinal plant for medical purposes. The paper deals with the technology of extracts from Rh. tomentosum shoots using ethanol of various concentrations and purified water as an extractant. Extracts from Rh. tomentosum were obtained by a modified method that combined the effects of ultrasound and temperature to maximize the extraction of biologically active substances from the raw material. Using the method of high-performance thin-layer chromatography in a system with solvents ethyl acetate/formic acid/water (15:1:1), the following substances have been separated and identified in all the extracts obtained: rutin, hyperoside, quercetin, and chlorogenic acid. The total polyphenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were estimated using spectrophotometric methods involving the Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) reagent and the complexation reaction with aluminum chloride, respectively. A correlation analysis was conducted between antioxidant activity and the polyphenolic substance content. Following the DPPH assay, regression analysis shows that phenolic compounds contribute to about 80% (r2 = 0.8028, p < 0.05) of radical scavenging properties in the extract of Rh. tomentosum. The extract of Rh. tomentosum obtained by ethanol 30% inhibits the growth of test cultures of microorganisms in 1:1 and 1:2 dilutions of the clinical strains #211 Staphylococcus aureus and #222 Enterococcus spp. and the reference strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145.

Thiadiazole and Thiazole Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents.

BACKGROUND: This review summarizes data on heterocyclic systems with thiadiazole and thiazole fragments in molecules as promising antimicrobial agents. INTRODUCTION: Thiadiazole and thiazole backbones are the most favored and well-known heterocycles, a common and essential feature of various drugs. These scaffolds occupy a central position and are the main structural components of numerous drugs with a wide spectrum of action. These include antimicrobial, antituberculous, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiepileptic, antiviral, and anticancer agents. METHOD: The research is based on bibliosemantic and analytical methods using bibliographic and abstract databases, as well as databases of chemical compounds. RESULT: This review reports on thiadiazole and thiazole derivatives, which have important pharmacological properties. We are reviewing the structural modifications of various thiadiazole and thiazole derivatives, more specifically, the antimicrobial activity reported over the last years, as we have taken this as our main research area. 80 compounds were illustrated, and various derivatives containing hydrazone bridged thiazole and pyrrole rings, 2-pyridine and 4-pyridine substituted thiazole derivatives, compounds containing di-, tri- and tetrathiazole moieties, Spiro-substituted 4-thiazolidinone-imidazoline-pyridines were analyzed. Derivatives of 5-heteroarylidene-2,4-thiazolidinediones, fluoroquinolone-thiadiazole hybrids, and others. CONCLUSION: 1,3,4-thiadiazoles and thiazoles are valuable resource for researchers engaged in rational drug design and development in this area.

Epidemiological and microbiological aspects of healthcare-associated infections in Ukraine during the 2009-2019 period.

INTRODUCTION: Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are a global health problem, and the problem of HCAIs in Ukraine remains poorly understood because of problems with the registration system. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the official data of the number of registered HCAIs in Ukraine for the period 2009-2019, compare them with the available data in scientific publications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Statistical analysis of information from the "Laboratory Centers of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine" kindly provided by the State Institution "Public Health Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine". RESULTS: In 2019, 2,611 cases of HCAIs were registered, the lowest annual number of registered HCAIs in the last twelve years. The maximum number of HCAIs in 2011 was 7,448. An average of 5,089±756 cases of HCAIs has been registered annually. By age structure, the average for 2009-2019 was 78.0±5.8 % for adults and 22.0 % for children (0-17 y.o.). In 2019 13.8% of registered potential HCAIs agents were identified as MDR, and 80.0-87.0% belongs to the group of 12-17, the most common pathogens. CONCLUSIONS: The estimated minimum number of HCAIs in Ukraine was expected to be about 1 million per year. Official statistics on registered cases of HCAIs in Ukraine do not reflect reality, so the registration system and investigation of HCAIs in Ukraine needs to be reformed.

Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in a liver transplant patient: A case report and review of the literature.

The share of Klebsiella pneumoniae in infections has been recently increasing. Multidrug-resistant strains that produce more than one antibiotic resistance mechanism are also increasingly isolated. Contamination of the organs preservation fluid occurs quite often, but the isolated microorganisms are mainly saprophytic bacteria that are part of the skin microbiota (coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium spp). The following case describes a K. pneumoniae blood infection in a patient after liver transplantation. Susceptibility of the strains to chosen antimicrobials was determined using the automated method. For strain isolated from blood, it was confirmed by loop-mediated isothermal amplification of genetic material.

Vibrio metschnikovii: Current state of knowledge and discussion of recently identified clinical case.

Vibrio metschnikovii is a widespread opportunistic pathogen that rarely causes disease in human. It caused graft infection in our case. It is important to differentiate it from another water-transmitted pathogens.

Raoultella terrigena: Current state of knowledge, after two recently identified clinical cases in Eastern Europe.

Raoultella terrigena is a rarely found opportunistic pathogen that can cause healthcare-associated infections with high mortality. It is important to differentiate it from Klebsiella species.